Skip to main content
Click to return to IBM ECVG home

Fingerprint Overview

Uniqueness of fingerprints is widely accepted among the scientific community; this has formed a basis for their constituting a physical evidence of the individuality. An automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) essentially determines (with as little human intervention as possible) whether two given fingerprints are alike. We are developing a state of the art application of AFIS in the context of disbursement of social benefits. Here, the purpose of the AFIS is to avoid "double dipping" - the same person claiming the benefits under two different identities.

What is a fingerprint?

Ridges and Valleys

Ridge anomalies:

  • Ridge endings
  • Ridge bifurcations
Fingerprint Featurs

Fingerprint Identification

  • Oldest biometric in use
  • Detailed manual method
    of matching is in practice
  • Lends itself to automation
  • Rich in information
  • Highly scalable
Matching entire fingerprint images is neither effective nor efficient; useful features need to be extracted from a given fingerprint image for reliable matching. The features of the fingerprint are called minutia - typically the locations where a fingerprint ridge terminates or bifurcates. These features are matched with the features extracted from the other fingerprints.

identification block diagram

Matching

Extract representation of target finger and match with representation of reference finger

  • What is a match?
  • Minutiae based matching is combinatorial
  • Defines accuracy
False negative:
Reject a correct match


False positive:
Accept a false match
We are also working on ways of enhancing the security and privacy of fingerprint systems. One method involves challenge/response and information hiding in compressed images to guarantee the liveliness of an acquired image. This helps prevents replay attacks. Another technique under development is Cancelable Biometrics.


Selected publications:

Biometrics 101
R. M. Bolle, J. H. Connell, S. Pankanti, N. K. Ratha, A. Senior
IBM Research Report, Computer Science, RC22481, June 2002.
More

 
Contact: Nalini Ratha Last updated: 6/11/02
 
Research Projects Group Papers Issued Patents Related Groups


  Privacy | Legal | Contact | IBM Home | Research Home | Project List | Research Sites | Page Contact